Plant Based Calcium can Build Strong Bones – Says Oxford Research

You can get the nutrients you need for strong bones by eating plants without having to consume milk or dairy products.

To build strong bones, we can combine exercise and nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables. One of the best ways to increase bone density is exercise. In a particular volume of bone, we can measure how many minerals are there.  Exercise can also reduce the likelihood of developing osteoporosis.

These five nutrients are essential to your bones and keep them healthy and strong.

Calcium

Calcium is important for bone building and protection. A plant-based diet can provide 600 mg of calcium daily.

Plants absorb calcium at a faster rate than milk. High absorption rates are possible with leafy green vegetables like kale, Brussels sprouts and kale.

You can also find calcium in beans and fortified milks. A single serving of calcium-settofu, which is about a half cup, contains over 800 mg of calcium. There are many beans and chickpeas that we can consume.  A cup of chickpeas has over 100 mg of calcium.

These foods also contain magnesium which is an important mineral for healthy bones.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption. Sun is the rich source of vitamin D. It takes about 15 minutes per day to expose your skin to direct sunlight. 

Even soy, almond, or fortified grains and breads are very good supplements of vitamin D. 

 Vegan supplements are also available.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C is vital for the production of collagen, which is the protein that binds connective tissues in bones. Vitamin C is abundant in citrus fruits, tomatoes and peppers, as well as other fruits and veggies.

Vitamin K

Vitamin K increases our bone formation. Some of the foods such as dark leafy greens and beans which are rich in calcium is also a good source of vitamin K. 

Potassium

Potassium reduces calcium loss and speeds up bone building. Potassium is abundant in bananas, oranges, potatoes and many other vegetables and fruits.

Watch Dr. Neal Barnard discuss a recent study on vegan diets and bone health

External References:

  • PCRM Research on Calcium and Bones
  • Nutrient Data Laboratory
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Bone Health and  Osteoporosis: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S.  Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General;  2004.
  • Feskanich D, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Calcium, vitamin D, milk  consumption, and hip fractures: a prospective study among postmenopausal  women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:504-511.
  • Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and  Calcium, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary  Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National  Academy Press, 2010.
  • Holick MF, Garabedian M: Vitamin D: photobiology, metabolism,  mechanism of action, and clinical applications. In Primer on the  metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. 6th  edition. Edited by Favus MJ. Washington, DC: American Society for Bone  and Mineral Research; 2006::129-137.
  • Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, Giovannucci E, Dietrich  T, Dawson- Hughes B. Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation:  a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA.  2005;293:2257-2264.
  • Nordin BEC, Need AG, Morris HA, Horowitz M. The nature and  significance of the relationship between urinary sodium and urinary  calcium in women. J Nutr. 1993;123:1615-1622.
  • Teucher B, Dainty JR, Spinks CA, et al. Sodium and bone health:  impact of moderately high and low salt intakes on calcium metabolism in  postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 2008;23:1477-1485.
  • Remer T, Manz F. Estimation of the renal net acid excretion by  adults consuming diets containing variable amounts of protein. Am J Clin  Nutr. 1994;59:1356-1361.
  • Prince R, Devine A, Dick I, et al. The effects of calcium  supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone mineral  density in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 1995;10:1068-1075.
  • Lunt M, Masaryk P, Scheidt-Nave C, et al. The Effects of Lifestyle,  Dietary Dairy Intake and Diabetes on Bone Density and Vertebral  Deformity Prevalence: The EVOS Study. Osteoporos Int. 2001;12:688-698.
  • Lloyd T, Beck TJ, Lin HM, et al. Modifiable determinants of bone status in young women. Bone. 2002;30:416–421.
  • Going S, Lohman T, Houtkooper L, et al. Effects of exercise on bone  mineral density in calcium-replete postmenopausal women with and  without hormone replacement therapy. Osteoporos Int. 2003;14:637-643.
  • Borer KT. Physical activity in the prevention and amelioration of  osteoporosis in women: interaction of mechanical, hormonal and dietary  factors. Sports Med. 2005;35:779-830.
  • Baron JA, Comi RJ, Cryns V, Brinck-Johnsen T, Mercer NG. The effect  of cigarette smoking on adrenal cortical hormones. J Pharmacol Exp  Ther. 1995;272:151-155.
  • Krall EA, Dawson-Hughes B. Smoking increases bone loss and  decreases intestinal calcium absorption. J Bone Miner Res.  1999;14:215-220.
  • Hopper JL, Seeman E. The bone density of female twins discordant for tobacco use. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:387-392.
  • Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, et al. Effect of calcium  supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events:  meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010;341:c3691.
  • Li K, Kaaks R, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S. Associations of dietary  calcium intake and calcium supplementation with myocardial infarction  and stroke risk and overall cardiovascular mortality in the Heidelberg  cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nut r  it ion study (EPIC-Heidelberg). Hear t.2012;98:920-925.
  • US Preventive Task Force. Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation to  Prevent Fractures in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force  Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:1-36.
  • Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, et al. Type of postmenopausal  hormone use and risk of breast cancer: 12-year follow-up from the  Nurses’ Health Study. Cancer Cause Control. 1992;3:433-439.
  • Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus  progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in  postmenopausal women. JAMA. 1998;280:605-613.
  • Lee JR. Osteoporosis reversal: the role of progesterone. Int Clin Nutr Rev. 1990;10:384-391.
  • Delaney MF. Strategies for the prevention and treatment of  osteoporosis during early postmenopause. Am J Obstet Gynecol.  2005;194:S12-S23.
  • Peris P, Guanabens N, Monegal A, et al. Aetiology and presenting symptoms in male osteoporosis. Br J Rheumatol. 1995;34:936-941.
  • Kanis JA, Johansson H, Johnell O, et al. Alcohol intake as a risk factor for fracture. Osteoporosis Int. 2005;16:737-742.
  • Fink, H. A. et al. Association of testosterone and estradiol  deficiency with osteoporosis and rapid bone loss in older men. J. Clin.  Endocrinol. Metab. 2006;91:3908–3915.

Also read